ELSA (European Long-Range Strike Approach)

European collaborative programme to develop a very long-range, hypersonic or high-speed conventional deep strike missile to succeed the SCALP-EG/Storm Shadow in the 2035+ timeframe. Intended to penetrate advanced integrated air defense systems through a combination of speed (potentially Mach 5+), extreme manoeuvrability, low observability, and electronic countermeasures. Multiple propulsion concepts under study including scramjet and combined-cycle engines. Will be designed for launch from multiple platforms: aircraft (Rafale, FCAS), surface ships, and submarines. A multinational effort led by France with participation from multiple European nations. Concept studies ongoing with technology maturation expected through the late 2020s.